Microbicidal composition

ABSTRACT

A synergistic microbicidal composition having two components. The first component is a nonionic surfactant with structure: R 2 O(CH 2 CH(CH 3 )O) 3 (CH 2 CH 2 O) 5 H, where R 2  is a mixture of C 8 -C 14  linear alkyl groups. The second component is 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol. The weight ratio of the nonionic surfactant to 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is from 1:0.08 to 1:0.12 or 1:0.2 to 1:1.8286.

This invention relates to microbicidal compositions containing 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (BNPD), tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione (DAZOMET) or BIOBAN P-1487 (ca. 81:5 mixture of 4-(2-nitrobutyl)morpholine and 4,4′-(2-ethyl-2-nitrotrimethylene)dimorpholine, respectively) and a surfactant.

A composition containing 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazolin-3-one, 2-methylisothiazolin-3-one and a nonionic dispersant is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,295,932. The composition contains a 3:1 mixture of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazolin-3-one and 2-methylisothiazolin-3-one, and a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide which appears to have the same composition as PLURONIC L61 or TERGITOL L61 dispersant. However, there is a need for combinations of microbicides having synergistic activity against various strains of microorganisms to provide effective control of the microorganisms. Moreover, there is a need for such combinations containing lower levels of individual microbicides for environmental and economic benefit. The problem addressed by this invention is to provide such synergistic combinations of microbicides.

STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a synergistic microbicidal composition comprising: (a) a nonionic surfactant with structure:

R²O(CH₂CH(CH₃)O)₃(CH₂CH₂O)₅H

where R² is a mixture of C₈-C₁₄ linear alkyl groups; and (b) 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol; wherein a weight ratio of said nonionic surfactant to 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is from 1:0.08 to 1:0.12 or 1:0.2 to 1:1.8286.

The present invention is further directed to a synergistic microbicidal composition comprising: (a) a nonionic surfactant with structure:

R²O(CH₂CH(CH₃)O)₃(CH₂CH₂O)₅H

where R² is a mixture of C₈-C₁₄ linear alkyl groups; and (b) tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione; wherein a weight ratio of said nonionic surfactant to tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione is from 1:0.0024 to 1:0.4571.

The present invention is further directed to a synergistic microbicidal composition comprising: (a) a nonionic surfactant with structure:

R¹O(CH₂CH(CH₃)O)₅(CH₂CH₂O)₉H

where R¹ is a C₈ alkyl group; and (b) a mixture of 4-(2-nitrobutyl)morpholine and 4,4′-(2-ethyl-2-nitrotrimethylene)dimorpholine in a weight ratio of 81:5; wherein a weight ratio of said nonionic surfactant to said mixture is from 1:0.0006 to 1:0.2743.

The present invention is further directed to methods for inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in aqueous media by adding to an aqueous medium a nonionic surfactant as described herein and 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione or a ca. 81:5 mixture of 4-(2-nitrobutyl)morpholine and 4,4′-(2-ethyl-2-nitrotrimethylene)dimorpholine in the ratios described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

“BNPD” is 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, “DAZOMET” has as an active ingredient tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione (CAS No. 533-74-4) and “BIOBAN P-1487” is an approximately 81:5 (weight) mixture of 4-(2-nitrobutyl)morpholine and 4,4′-(2-ethyl-2-nitrotrimethylene)dimorpholine. As used herein, the following terms have the designated definitions, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “microbicide” refers to a compound capable of inhibiting the growth of or controlling the growth of microorganisms; microbicides include bactericides, fungicides and algaecides. The term “microorganism” includes, for example, fungi (such as yeast and mold), bacteria and algae. The following abbreviations are used throughout the specification: ppm=parts per million by weight (weight/weight), mL=milliliter. Unless otherwise specified, temperatures are in degrees centigrade (° C.), references to percentages are percentages by weight (wt %) and amounts and ratios are on an active ingredient basis, i.e., total weight of BNPD, DAZOMET or BIOBAN P-1487 active ingredients and the nonionic surfactant. Numbers of polymerized units of propylene oxide or ethylene oxide are number averages.

Preferably, the weight ratio of the nonionic surfactant with structure:

R²O(CH₂CH(CH₃)O)₃(CH₂CH₂O)₅H

where R² is a mixture of C₈-C₁₄ linear alkyl groups to BNPD is from 1:0.2286 to 1:1.18286.

The present invention is further directed to a method for inhibiting the growth of mold, preferably C. albicans, in an aqueous medium by adding: (a) a nonionic surfactant with structure:

R²O(CH₂CH(CH₃)O)₃(CH₂CH₂O)₅H

where R² is a mixture of C₈-C₁₄ linear alkyl groups; and (b) BNPD; wherein a weight ratio of said nonionic surfactant to BNPD is from 1:0.08 to 1:0.12 or 1:0.2 to 1:1.8286, preferably from 1:0.2286 to 1:1.18286.

Preferably, the weight ratio of the nonionic surfactant with structure:

R²O(CH₂CH(CH₃)O)₃(CH₂CH₂O)₅H

where R² is a mixture of C₈-C₁₄ linear alkyl groups to DAZOMET is from 1:0.0114 to 1:0.4571.

The present invention is further directed to a method for inhibiting the growth of S. aureus, in an aqueous medium by adding: (a) a nonionic surfactant with structure:

R²O(CH₂CH(CH₃)O)₃(CH₂CH₂O)₅H

where R² is a mixture of C₈-C₁₄ linear alkyl groups; and (b) DAZOMET; wherein a weight ratio of said nonionic surfactant to DAZOMET is from 1:0.0114 to 1:0.4571.

Preferably, the weight ratio of the nonionic surfactant with structure:

R¹O(CH₂CH(CH₃)O)₅(CH₂CH₂O)₉H

where R¹ is a C₈ alkyl group to BIOBAN P-1487 is from 1:0.0160 to 1:0.2743.

The present invention is further directed to a method for inhibiting the growth of fungi, preferably A. niger, in an aqueous medium by adding: (a) a nonionic surfactant with structure:

R¹O(CH₂CH(CH₃)O)₅(CH₂CH₂O)₉H

where R¹ is a C₈ alkyl group to BIOBAN P-1487 is from 1:0.0160 to 1:0.2743.

R² is a mixture of C₈-C₁₄ linear alkyl groups. Preferably, the C₈-C₁₄ linear alkyl groups comprise from 50 to 85 wt % C₈-C₁₀ linear alkyl groups and 15 to 50 wt % C₁₂-C₁₄ linear alkyl groups, preferably from 60 to 75 wt % C₈-C₁₀ linear alkyl groups and 25 to 40 wt % C₁₂-C₁₄ linear alkyl groups, preferably about 70 wt % C₈-C₁₀ linear alkyl groups and about 30 wt % C₁₂-C₁₄ linear alkyl groups. Preferably, the linear alkyl groups are derived from seed oil. Preferably, R¹ is 2-ethylhexyl.

Preferably, each of the compositions is substantially free of microbicides other than the nonionic surfactant and BNPD, DAZOMET or BIOBAN P-1487, i.e., it has less than 1 wt % of microbicides other than the nonionic surfactant and BNPD, DAZOMET or BIOBAN P-1487 based on total weight of active ingredients, preferably less than 0.5 wt %, preferably less than 0.2 wt %, preferably less than 0.1 wt %. Preferably, when the nonionic surfactant and BNPD, DAZOMET or BIOBAN P-1487 are added to an aqueous medium, the medium is substantially free of other microbicides, i.e., it has less than 1 wt % of microbicides other than the nonionic surfactant and BNPD, DAZOMET or BIOBAN P-1487 based on total weight of active ingredients, preferably less than 0.5 wt %, preferably less than 0.2 wt %, preferably less than 0.1 wt %.

The compositions of this invention may contain other ingredients, e.g., defoamers and emulsifiers. The microbicidal compositions of the present invention can be used to inhibit the growth of microorganisms or higher forms of aquatic life (such as protozoans, invertebrates, bryozoans, dinoflagellates, crustaceans, mollusks, etc) by introducing a microbicidally effective amount of the compositions into an aqueous medium subject to microbial attack. Suitable aqueous media are found in, for example: industrial process water; electrocoat deposition systems; cooling towers; air washers; gas scrubbers; mineral slurries; wastewater treatment; ornamental fountains; reverse osmosis filtration; ultrafiltration; ballast water; evaporative condensers; heat exchangers; pulp and paper processing fluids and additives; starch; plastics; emulsions; dispersions; paints; latices; coatings, such as varnishes; construction products, such as mastics, caulks, and sealants; construction adhesives, such as ceramic adhesives, carpet backing adhesives, and laminating adhesives; industrial or consumer adhesives; photographic chemicals; printing fluids; household products, such as bathroom and kitchen cleaners; cosmetics; toiletries; shampoos; soaps; personal care products such as wipes, lotions, sunscreen, conditioners, creams, and other leave-on applications; detergents; industrial cleaners; floor polishes; laundry rinse water; metalworking fluids; conveyor lubricants; hydraulic fluids; leather and leather products; textiles; textile products; wood and wood products, such as plywood, chipboard, flakeboard, laminated beams, oriented strandboard, hardboard, and particleboard; petroleum processing fluids; fuel; oilfield fluids, such as injection water, fracture fluids, and drilling muds; agriculture adjuvant preservation; surfactant preservation; medical devices; diagnostic reagent preservation; food preservation, such as plastic or paper food wrap; food, beverage, and industrial process pasteurizers; toilet bowls; recreational water; pools; and spas.

The specific amount of the microbicidal compositions of this invention necessary to inhibit or control the growth of microorganisms in an application will vary. Amounts of the compositions of the present invention are given on the basis of active ingredients (i.e., nonionic surfactant and BNPD, DAZOMET or BIOBAN P-1487). For BNPD/surfactant used in paper applications, preferably the concentration is 2 to 50 ppm, preferably 5 to 40 ppm. For BNPD/surfactant used in oil and gas drilling applications, preferably the concentration is 10 to 500 ppm, preferably 20 to 350 ppm. For BNPD/surfactant used in metalworking fluids, preferably the concentration is 150 to 2000 ppm, preferably 300 to 1500 ppm. For BIOBAN P-1487/surfactant used in metalworking fluids, preferably the concentration is 600 to 1800 ppm, preferably 800 to 1500 ppm. For BIOBAN P-1487/surfactant used in fuel applications, preferably the concentration is 300 to 4000 ppm, preferably 500 to 3000 ppm. Fuel applications include the preservation of hydrocarbons for fuel, e.g., bioethanol applications, diesel storage tank preservation and general fuel tank preservation. In a method of this invention, a composition is treated to inhibit microbial growth by adding, together or separately, the nonionic surfactant and BNPD, DAZOMET or BIOBAN P-1487, in amounts that would produce the concentrations indicated above.

Examples

Surfactants and biocides were evaluated for synergy by determining the synergy index (S.I.) of the combination. Synergy index was calculated based on minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of two antimicrobial compounds (A and B) alone and in combinations. The tests organisms were Gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC #15442), Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC #6538), yeast (Candida albicans ATCC#10203) and mold (Aspergillus niger ATCC#16404). Contact time for the bacteria was 24 and 48 hours, yeast was 48 and 72 hrs, and 3 and 7 days for mold. The test was carried out in 96 well microtiter plates.

Surf. A R¹O(CH₂CH(CH₃)O)₅(CH₂CH₂O)₉H, where R¹ is 2-ethylhexyl Surf. D R²O(CH₂CH(CH₃)O)₃(CH₂CH₂O)₅H Surf. E R²O(CH₂CH(CH₃)O)₃(CH₂CH₂O)₇H In Surf. D and Surf. E, R² is a mixture of C₈-C₁₄ linear alkyl groups (70% C₈-C₁₀ linear alkyl and 30% C₁₂-C₁₄ linear alkyl)

Inoculums Used Inoculum Size of organisms (CFU/ml) Sur- Staphylococcus Pseudomonas Aspergillus Candida fac- aureus aeruginosa niger albicans tants ATCC# 6538 ATCC # 15442 ATCC# 16404 ATCC#10203 Surf. 1.156E+06 8.134E+07 1.156E+06  1.156+06 A Surf. 1.808E+05 1.156E+08 1.156E+06 5.726E+05 D Surf. 1.808E+06 5.727E+07 5.726E+05 1.808E+06 E

TABLE 4 Media Used Media Used for testing Staphylococcus Pseudomonas Aspergillus Candida aureus aeruginosa niger albicans ATCC# 6538 ATCC # 15442 ATCC# 16404 ATCC#10203 10% Tryptic soy 10% Tryptic soy Potato dextrose Potato dextrose broth broth broth broth

The pH of the Triptic soy broth was 7.3 and the Potato dextrose broth was 5.1.

The test results for demonstration of synergy of the MIC combinations are shown in the tables below. Each table shows the results for combinations of two components against the microorganisms tested with incubation times; the end-point activity in ppm measured by the MIC for compound A alone (CA), for component B alone (CB), and the mixture (Ca) and (Cb); the calculated SI value; and the range of synergistic ratios for each combination tested. SI is calculated as follows:

Ca/CA+Cb/CB=Synergy Index (“SI”)

Wherein:

-   -   CA=concentration of compound A in ppm, acting alone, which         produced an end point (MIC of Compound A).     -   Ca=concentration of compound A in ppm, in the mixture, which         produced an end point.     -   CB=concentration of compound B in ppm, acting alone, which         produced an end point (MIC of Compound B).     -   Cb=concentration of compound B in ppm, in the mixture, which         produced an end point.         When the sum of Ca/CA and Cb/CB is greater than one, antagonism         is indicated. When the sum is equal to one, additivity is         indicated, and when less than one, synergism is demonstrated.

The ratio ranges at which BNPD, DAZOMET or BIOBAN P-1487 and the surfactants were tested are as summarized in the following tables:

BNPD with Surf. A Organism ATCC# From To Ratio Range Staphylo- 6538 0.02:20,000  100:218.75 1:0.000001-1:0.45714 coccus aureus Aspergil- 16404  0.2:20,000 1,000:218.75 1:0.00001-1:4.5714 lus niger Candida 10203  0.2:20,000 1,000:218.75 1:0.00001-1:4.5714 albicans Pseudo- 15442 0.02:20,000  100:218.75 1:0.000001-1:0.45714 monas ae- ruginosa

BNPD with Surf. E Organism ATCC# From To Ratio Range Staphylo- 6538 0.02:20,000  100:218.75 1:0.000001-1:0.45714 coccus aureus Aspergil- 16404  0.2:20,000 1,000:218.75 1:0.00001-1:4.5714 lus niger Candida 10203  0.2:20,000 1,000:218.75 1:0.00001-1:4.5714 albicans Pseudo- 15442 0.02:20,000  100:218.75 1:0.000001-1:0.45714 monas ae- ruginosa

BNPD with Surf. D Organism ATCC# From To Ratio Range Staphylo- 6538 0.02:20,000  100:218.75 1:0.000001-1:0.45714 coccus aureus Aspergil- 16404  0.2:20,000 1,000:218.75 1:0.00001-1:4.5714 lus niger Candida 10203  0.2:20,000 1,000:218.75 1:0.00001-1:4.5714 albicans Pseudo- 15442 0.02:20,000  100:218.75 1:0.000001-1:0.45714 monas ae- ruginosa

BIOBAN P-1487 with Surf. A Organism ATCC # From To Ratio Range Staphylococcus 6538 0.002:20,000   10:218.75  1:0.0000001-1:0.0457143 aureus Aspergillus 16404 0.02:20,000 100:218.75 1:0.000001-1:0.45714 niger Candida 10203 0.02:20,000 100:218.75 1:0.000001-1:0.45714 albicans Pseudomonas 15442 0.02:20,000 100:218.75 1:0.000001-1:0.45714 aeruginosa

BIOBAN P-1487 with Surf. E Organism ATCC # From To Ratio Range Staphylococcus 6538 0.02:20,000 100:218.75 1:0.000001-1:0.45714 aureus Aspergillus 16404 0.02:20,000 100:218.75 1:0.000001-1:0.45714 niger Candida 10203 0.02:20,000 100:218.75 1:0.000001-1:0.45714 albicans Pseudomonas 15442 0.02:20,000 100:218.75 1:0.000001-1:0.45714 aeruginosa

BIOBAN P-1487 with Surf. D Organism ATCC # From To Ratio Range Staphylococcus 6538 0.02:20,000  100:218.75 1:0.000001-1:0.45714 aureus Aspergillus 16404  0.2:20,000 1,000:218.75 1:0.00001-1:4.5714 niger Candida 10203 0.02:20,000  100:218.75 1:0.000001-1:0.45714 albicans Pseudomonas 15442  0.2:20,000 1,000:218.75 1:0.00001-1:4.5714 aeruginosa

DAZOMET with Surf. A Organism ATCC # From To Ratio Range Staphylo- 6538 0.2:20,000 1,000:218.75 1:0.00001-1:4.5714 coccus aureus Aspergil- 16404 0.2:20,000 1,000:218.75 1:0.00001-1:4.5714 lus niger Candida 10203 0.2:20,000 1,000:218.75 1:0.00001-1:4.5714 albicans Pseudo- 15442 0.2:20,000 1,000:218.75 1:0.00001-1:4.5714 monas ae- ruginosa

DAZOMET with Surf. E Organism ATCC # From To Ratio Range Staphylo- 6538 0.2:20,000 1,000:218.75 1:0.00001-1:4.5714 coccus aureus Aspergil- 16404 0.2:20,000 1,000:218.75 1:0.00001-1:4.5714 lus niger Candida 10203 0.2:20,000 1,000:218.75 1:0.00001-1:4.5714 albicans Pseudo- 15442 0.2:20,000 1,000:218.75 1:0.00001-1:4.5714 monas ae- ruginosa

DAZOMET with Surf. D Organism ATCC # From To Ratio Range Staphylo- 6538 0.2:20,000 1,000:218.75 1:0.00001-1:4.5714 coccus aureus Aspergil- 16404 0.2:20,000 1,000:218.75 1:0.00001-1:4.5714 lus niger Candida 10203 0.2:20,000 1,000:218.75 1:0.00001-1:4.5714 albicans Pseudo- 15442 0.2:20,000 1,000:218.75 1:0.00001-1:4.5714 monas ae- ruginosa

A: Surf. A B: BNPD Media: 1/10TSB Inoculum size: 8.134E+07 CFU/ml PPM AI MIC Values (24 hrs) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) Ps. aeruginosa >20000 10 20000 8 <1.80 1:0.0004 ATCC#15442 >20000 10 10000 8 <1.30 1:0.0008 >20000 10 5000 8 <1.05 1:0.0016 >20000 10 2500 8 <0.93 1:0.0032 >20000 10 1750 8 <0.89 1:0.0046 >20000 10 875 8 <0.84 1:0.0091 >20000 10 437.5 8 <0.82 1:0.0183 >20000 10 218.75 8 <0.81 1:0.0366 No synergy: A. niger, C. albicans, S. aureus

A: Surf D B: BNPD Media: PDB Inoculum size: 1.156E+06 PPM AI MIC Values (3rd day) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) A. niger >20000 1000 20000 500 <1.50 1:0.0250 ATCC#16404 >20000 1000 10000 400 <0.90 1:0.0400 >20000 1000 10000 500 <1.00 1:0.0500 >20000 1000 5000 500 <0.75 1:0.1000 >20000 1000 5000 600 <0.85 1:0.1200 >20000 1000 5000 800 <1.05 1:0.1600 >20000 1000 2500 500 <0.63 1:0.2000 >20000 1000 2500 600 <0.73 1:0.2400 >20000 1000 2500 800 <0.93 1:0.3200 >20000 1000 1750 600 <0.69 1:0.3429 >20000 1000 1750 800 <0.89 1:0.4571 >20000 1000 875 600 <0.64 1:0.6857 >20000 1000 875 800 <0.84 1:0.9143

A: Surf. D B: BNPD Media: PDB Inoculum size: 5.726E +05 CFU/ml PPM AI MIC Values (48 hrs) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) C. albicans >20000 1000 20000 400 <1.40 1:0.0200 ATCC#10203 >20000 1000 10000 400 <0.90 1:0.0400 >20000 1000 10000 500 <1.00 1:0.0500 >20000 1000 5000 400 <0.65 1:0.0800 >20000 1000 5000 500 <0.75 1:0.1000 >20000 1000 5000 600 <0.85 1:0.1200 >20000 1000 5000 800 <1.05 1:0.1600 >20000 1000 2500 400 <0.53 1:0.1600 >20000 1000 2500 600 <0.73 1:0.2400 >20000 1000 2500 800 <0.93 1:0.3200 >20000 1000 1750 400 <0.49 1:0.2286 >20000 1000 1750 600 <0.69 1:0.3429 >20000 1000 1750 800 <0.89 1:0.4571 >20000 1000 875 500 <0.54 1:0.5714 >20000 1000 875 600 <0.64 1:0.6857 >20000 1000 875 800 <0.84 1:0.9143 >20000 1000 437.5 800 <0.82 1:1.8286

A: Surf. D B: BNPD Media: 1/10 TSB Inoculum size: 1.16E+08 PPM AI MIC Values (24 hrs) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) Ps. aeruginosa >20000 10 875 8 <0.84 1:0.0091 ATCC#15442 >20000 10 437.5 8 <0.82 1:0.0183

A: Surf. D B: BNPD Media: 1/10 TSB Inoculum size: 1.808E+05 PPM AI MIC Values (24 hrs) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) S. aureus >20000 20 20000 4 <1.20 1:0.0002 ATCC# 6538 >20000 20 10000 3 <0.65 1:0.0003 >20000 20 10000 6 <0.80 1:0.0006 >20000 20 10000 8 <0.90 1:0.0008 >20000 20 10000 10 <1.00 1:0.0010 >20000 20 5000 2 <0.35 1:0.0004 >20000 20 5000 4 <0.45 1:0.0008 >20000 20 5000 8 <0.65 1:0.0016 >20000 20 5000 10 <0.75 1:0.0020 >20000 20 5000 2 <0.35 1:0.0004 >20000 20 5000 6 <0.55 1:0.0012 >20000 20 5000 10 <0.75 1:0.0020 >20000 20 1750 2 <0.19 1:0.0011 >20000 20 1750 8 <0.49 1:0.0046 >20000 20 1750 10 <0.59 1:0.0057 >20000 20 875 2 <0.14 1:0.0023 >20000 20 875 4 <0.24 1:0.0046 >20000 20 875 6 <0.34 1:0.0069 >20000 20 875 10 <0.54 1:0.0114 >20000 20 437.5 6 <0.32 1:0.0137 >20000 20 437.5 8 <0.42 1:0.0183 >20000 20 437.5 10 <0.52 1:0.0229 >20000 20 218.75 8 <0.41 1:0.0366 >20000 20 218.75 10 <0.51 1:0.0457

A: Surf. E B: BNPD Media: PDB Inoculum size: 1.808E+06 CFU/ml PPM AI MIC Values (48 hrs) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) C. albicans >20000 1000 20000 200 <1.20 1:0.0100 ATCC#10203 >20000 1000 10000 200 <0.70 1:0.0200 >20000 1000 10000 300 <0.80 1:0.0300 >20000 1000 10000 500 <1.00 1:0.0500 >20000 1000 5000 200 <0.45 1:0.0400 >20000 1000 5000 400 <0.65 1:0.0800 >20000 1000 5000 600 <0.85 1:0.1200 >20000 1000 5000 800 <1.05 1:0.1600 >20000 1000 2500 400 <0.53 1:0.1600 >20000 1000 2500 600 <0.73 1:0.2400 >20000 1000 2500 800 <0.93 1:0.3200 >20000 1000 1750 500 <0.59 1:0.2857 >20000 1000 1750 800 <0.89 1:0.4571 >20000 1000 875 800 <0.84 1:0.9143

A: Surf. E B: BNPD Media: 1/10TSB Inoculum size: 5.727E+07 CFU/ml PPM AI MIC Values (24 hrs) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) Ps. aeruginosa >20000 10 5000 8 <1.05 1:0.0016 ATCC#15442 >20000 10 2500 8 <0.93 1:0.0032 >20000 10 1750 8 <0.89 1:0.0046 >20000 10 875 8 <0.84 1:0.0091 >20000 10 437.5 8 <0.82 1:0.0183 >20000 10 218.75 8 <0.81 1:0.0366

A: Surf. E B: BNPD Media: 1/10TSB Inoculum size: 1.808E+06 CFU/ml PPM AI MIC Values (24 hrs) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) S. aureus >20000 20 20000 8 <1.40 1:0.0004 ATCC# 6538 >20000 20 10000 8 <0.90 1:0.0008 >20000 20 5000 8 <0.65 1:0.0016 >20000 20 5000 10 <0.75 1:0.0020 >20000 20 2500 8 <0.53 1:0.0032 >20000 20 2500 10 <0.63 1:0.0040 >20000 20 1750 8 <0.49 1:0.0046 >20000 20 1750 10 <0.59 1:0.0057 >20000 20 875 8 <0.44 1:0.0091 >20000 20 875 10 <0.54 1:0.0114 No synergy: A. niger

A: Surf. A B: DAZOMET Media: 1/10 TSB Inoculum size: 8.13E+07 S. aureus ATCC 6538 No Synergy

A: Surf. A B: DAZOMET Media: PDB Inoculum size: 1.156E+06 PPM AI MIC Values (3rd day) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) A. niger >20000 60 10000 0.6 <0.51 1:0.0001 ATCC#16404 >20000 60 10000 0.8 <0.51 1:0.0001 >20000 60 10000 1 <0.52 1:0.0002 >20000 60 10000 2 <0.53 1:0.0003 >20000 60 10000 3 <0.55 1:0.0004 >20000 60 10000 4 <0.57 1:0.0005 >20000 60 10000 5 <0.58 1:0.0006 >20000 60 10000 6 <0.60 1:0.0008 >20000 60 10000 8 <0.63 1:0.0010 >20000 60 10000 10 <0.67 1:0.0020 >20000 60 10000 20 <0.83 1:0.0030 >20000 60 10000 30 <1.00 1:0.0040 >20000 60 10000 40 <1.17 1:0.0050 >20000 60 10000 50 <1.33 1:0.0008 >20000 60 5000 4 <0.32 1:0.0016 >20000 60 5000 8 <0.38 1:0.0020 >20000 60 5000 10 <0.42 1:0.0040 >20000 60 5000 20 <0.58 1:0.0060 >20000 60 5000 30 <0.75 1:0.0080 >20000 60 5000 40 <0.92 1:0.0100 >20000 60 5000 50 <1.08 1:0.0020 >20000 60 2500 5 <0.21 1:0.0024 >20000 60 2500 6 <0.23 1:0.0032 >20000 60 2500 8 <0.26 1:0.0040 >20000 60 2500 10 <0.29 1:0.0080 >20000 60 2500 20 <0.46 1:0.0120 >20000 60 2500 30 <0.63 1:0.0160 >20000 60 2500 40 <0.79 1:0.0200 >20000 60 2500 50 <0.96 1:0.0029 >20000 60 1750 5 <0.17 1:0.0020 >20000 60 1750 6 <0.23 1:0.0024 >20000 60 1750 8 <0.26 1:0.0032 >20000 60 1750 10 <0.29 1:0.0040 >20000 60 1750 20 <0.46 1:0.0080 >20000 60 1750 30 <0.63 1:0.0120 >20000 60 1750 40 <0.79 1:0.0160 >20000 60 1750 50 <0.96 1:0.0200 >20000 60 875 20 <0.17 1:0.0029 >20000 60 875 30 <0.19 1:0.0034 >20000 60 875 40 <0.22 1:0.0046 >20000 60 875 50 <0.25 1:0.0057 >20000 60 437.5 30 <0.42 1:0.0114 >20000 60 437.5 40 <0.59 1:0.0171 >20000 60 437.5 50 <0.75 1:0.0229 >20000 60 218.75 40 <0.92 1:0.0286 >20000 60 218.75 50 <0.38 1:0.0229

A: Surf. A B: DAZOMET Media: PDB Inoculum size: 1.156E+06 PPM AI MIC Values (48 hrs) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) C. albicans >20000 50 2500 40 <0.93 1:0.0160 ATCC#10203 >20000 50 1750 40 <0.89 1:0.0229 >20000 50 437.5 40 <0.82 1:0.0914 >20000 50 218.75 40 <0.81 1:0.1829

A: Surf. A B: DAZOMET Media: 1/10 TSB Inoculum size: 8.134E+07 PPM AI MIC Values (24 hrs) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) Ps. aeruginosa >20000 80 2500 4 <0.18 1:0.0016 ATCC#15442 >20000 80 2500 5 <0.19 1:0.0020 >20000 80 2500 6 <0.20 1:0.0024 >20000 80 2500 8 <0.23 1:0.0032 >20000 80 2500 10 <0.25 1:0.0040 >20000 80 2500 20 <0.38 1:0.0080 >20000 80 2500 30 <0.50 1:0.0120 >20000 80 2500 40 <0.63 1:0.0160 >20000 80 2500 50 <0.75 1:0.0200 >20000 80 2500 60 <0.88 1:0.0240 >20000 80 1750 6 <0.16 1:0.0034 >20000 80 1750 8 <0.19 1:0.0046 >20000 80 1750 10 <0.21 1:0.0057 >20000 80 1750 20 <0.34 1:0.0114 >20000 80 1750 30 <0.46 1:0.0171 >20000 80 1750 40 <0.59 1:0.0229 >20000 80 1750 50 <0.71 1:0.0286 >20000 80 1750 60 <0.84 1:0.0343 >20000 80 437.5 60 <0.77 1:0.1371 >20000 80 218.75 60 <0.76 1:0.2743

A: Surf. E B: DAZOMET Media: PDB Inoculum size: 1.156E+06 C. albicans ATCC 102031 No synergy

A: Surf. E B: DAZOMET Media: 1/10 TSB Inoculum size: 5.7E+07 P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442 No synergy

A: Surf. E B: DAZOMET Media: 1/10 TSB Inoculum size: 1.8E+06 PPM AI MIC Values (24 hrs) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) S. aureus >20000 200 437.5 100 <0.52 1:0.2286 ATCC# 6538

A: Surf. E B: DAZOMET Media: PDB Inoculum size: 1.156E+06 PPM AI MIC Values (3rd day) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) A. niger >20000 30 10000 2 <0.57 1:0.0002 ATCC#16404 >20000 30 10000 4 <0.63 1:0.0004 >20000 30 10000 6 <0.70 1:0.0006 >20000 30 10000 8 <0.77 1:0.0008 >20000 30 10000 10 <0.83 1:0.0010 >20000 30 10000 20 <1.17 1:0.0020 >20000 30 5000 0.4 <0.26 1:0.0001 >20000 30 5000 0.5 <0.27 1:0.0001 >20000 30 5000 0.6 <0.27 1:0.0001 >20000 30 5000 0.8 <0.28 1:0.0002 >20000 30 5000 1 <0.28 1:0.0002 >20000 30 5000 2 <0.32 1:0.0004 >20000 30 5000 3 <0.35 1:0.0006 >20000 30 5000 4 <0.38 1:0.0008 >20000 30 5000 5 <0.42 1:0.0010 >20000 30 5000 6 <0.45 1:0.0012 >20000 30 5000 8 <0.52 1:0.0016 >20000 30 5000 10 <0.58 1:0.0020 >20000 30 5000 20 <0.92 1:0.0040 >20000 30 1750 0.4 <0.10 1:0.0002 >20000 30 1750 0.5 <0.10 1:0.0003 >20000 30 1750 0.6 <0.11 1:0.0003 >20000 30 1750 0.8 <0.11 1:0.0005 >20000 30 1750 1 <0.12 1:0.0006 >20000 30 1750 2 <0.15 1:0.0011 >20000 30 1750 3 <0.19 1:0.0017 >20000 30 1750 4 <0.22 1:0.0023 >20000 30 1750 5 <0.25 1:0.0029 >20000 30 1750 6 <0.29 1:0.0034 >20000 30 1750 8 <0.35 1:0.0046 >20000 30 1750 10 <0.42 1:0.0057 >20000 30 1750 20 <0.75 1:0.0114 >20000 30 875 3 <0.14 1:0.0034 >20000 30 875 4 <0.18 1:0.0046 >20000 30 875 5 <0.21 1:0.0057 >20000 30 875 6 <0.24 1:0.0069 >20000 30 875 8 <0.31 1:0.0091 >20000 30 875 10 <0.38 1:0.0114 >20000 30 875 20 <0.71 1:0.0229 >20000 30 437.5 0.2 <0.03 1:0.0005 >20000 30 437.5 0.3 <0.03 1:0.0007 >20000 30 437.5 0.4 <0.04 1:0.0009 >20000 30 437.5 0.5 <0.04 1:0.0011 >20000 30 437.5 0.6 <0.04 1:0.0014 >20000 30 437.5 0.8 <0.05 1:0.0018 >20000 30 437.5 1 <0.06 1:0.0023 >20000 30 437.5 2 <0.09 1:0.0046 >20000 30 437.5 3 <0.12 1:0.0069 >20000 30 437.5 4 <0.16 1:0.0091 >20000 30 437.5 5 <0.19 1:0.0114 >20000 30 437.5 6 <0.22 1:0.0137 >20000 30 437.5 8 <0.29 1:0.0183 >20000 30 437.5 10 <0.36 1:0.0229 >20000 30 437.5 20 <0.69 1:0.0457 >20000 30 218.75 5 <0.18 1:0.0229 >20000 30 218.75 6 <0.21 1:0.0274 >20000 30 218.75 8 <0.28 1:0.0366 >20000 30 218.75 10 <<0.34 1:0.0457 >20000 30 218.75 20 <0.68 1:0.0914

A: Surf. D B: DAZOMET Media: PDB Inoculum size: 1.16E+08 P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442 No synergy

A: Surf. D B: DAZOMET Media: PDB Inoculum size: 5.72E+05 PPM AI MIC Values (48 hrs) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) C. albicans >20000 50 10000 10 <0.70 1:0.0010 ATCC#10203 >20000 50 10000 20 <0.90 1:0.0020 >20000 50 10000 30 <1.10 1:0.0030 >20000 50 10000 40 <1.30 1:0.0040 >20000 50 5000 30 <0.85 1:0.0060 >20000 50 5000 40 <1.05 1:0.0080 >20000 50 2500 5 <0.23 1:0.0020 >20000 50 2500 10 <0.33 1:0.0040 >20000 50 2500 20 <0.53 1:0.0080 >20000 50 2500 30 <0.73 1:0.0120 >20000 50 2500 40 <0.93 1:0.0160 >20000 50 1750 6 <0.21 1:0.0034 >20000 50 1750 10 <0.29 1:0.0057 >20000 50 1750 20 <0.49 1:0.0114 >20000 50 1750 30 <0.69 1:0.0171 >20000 50 1750 40 <0.89 1:0.0229 >20000 50 875 30 <0.64 1:0.0343 >20000 50 875 40 <0.84 1:0.0457 >20000 50 437.5 40 <0.82 1:0.0914 >20000 50 218.75 40 <0.81 1:0.1829

A: Surf. D B: DAZOMET Media: PDB Inoculum size: 1.56E+06 PPM AI MIC Values (3rd day) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) A. niger >20000 40 10000 0.2 <0.51 1:0.0002 ATCC#16404 >20000 40 10000 0.3 <0.51 1:0.0003 >20000 40 10000 0.4 <0.51 1:0.0004 >20000 40 10000 0.5 <0.51 1:0.0005 >20000 40 10000 0.6 <0.52 1:0.0006 >20000 40 10000 0.8 <0.52 1:0.0008 >20000 40 10000 1 <0.53 1:0.0010 >20000 40 10000 2 <0.55 1:0.0020 >20000 40 10000 3 <0.58 1:0.0030 >20000 40 10000 4 <0.60 1:0.0020 >20000 40 10000 5 <0.63 1:0.0030 >20000 40 10000 6 <0.65 1:0.0000 >20000 40 10000 8 <0.70 1:0.0008 >20000 40 10000 10 <0.75 1:0.0001 >20000 40 10000 20 <1.00 1:0.0001 >20000 40 5000 0.2 <0.26 1:0.0037 >20000 40 5000 0.3 <0.26 1:0.0046 >20000 40 5000 0.4 <0.26 1:0.0000 >20000 40 5000 0.5 <0.26 1:0.0001 >20000 40 5000 0.6 <0.27 1:0.0001 >20000 40 5000 0.8 <0.27 1:0.0002 >20000 40 5000 1 <0.28 1:0.0002 >20000 40 5000 2 <0.30 1:0.0004 >20000 40 5000 3 <0.33 1:0.0006 >20000 40 5000 4 <0.35 1:0.0008 >20000 40 5000 5 <0.38 1:0.0003 >20000 40 5000 6 <0.40 1:0.0010 >20000 40 5000 8 <0.45 1:0.0020 >20000 40 5000 10 <0.50 1:0.0030 >20000 40 5000 20 <0.75 1:0.0060 >20000 40 5000 30 <1.00 1:0.0020 >20000 40 2500 0.2 <0.13 1:0.0001 >20000 40 2500 0.3 <0.13 1:0.0001 >20000 40 2500 0.4 <0.14 1:0.0002 >20000 40 2500 0.5 <0.14 1:0.0002 >20000 40 2500 0.6 <0.14 1:0.0002 >20000 40 2500 0.8 <0.15 1:0.0003 >20000 40 2500 1 <0.15 1:0.0004 >20000 40 2500 2 <0.18 1:0.0008 >20000 40 2500 3 <0.20 1:0.0012 >20000 40 2500 4 <0.23 1:0.0016 >20000 40 2500 5 <0.25 1:0.0020 >20000 40 2500 6 <0.28 1:0.0024 >20000 40 2500 8 <0.33 1:0.0032 >20000 40 2500 10 <0.38 1:0.0040 >20000 40 2500 20 <0.63 1:0.0080 >20000 40 2500 30 <0.88 1:0.0120 >20000 40 1750 0.2 <0.09 1:0.0001 >20000 40 1750 0.3 <0.10 1:0.0002 >20000 40 1750 0.4 <0.10 1:0.0002 >20000 40 1750 0.5 <0.10 1:0.0003 >20000 40 1750 0.6 <0.10 1:0.0003 >20000 40 1750 0.8 <0.11 1:0.0005 >20000 40 1750 1 <0.11 1:0.0006 >20000 40 1750 2 <0.14 1:0.0011 >20000 40 1750 3 <0.16 1:0.0017 >20000 40 1750 4 <0.19 1:0.0023 >20000 40 1750 5 <0.21 1:0.0029 >20000 40 1750 6 <0.24 1:0.0034 >20000 40 1750 8 <0.29 1:0.0046 >20000 40 1750 10 <0.34 1:0.0057 >20000 40 1750 20 <0.59 1:0.0114 >20000 40 875 0.2 <0.05 1:0.0002 >20000 40 875 0.3 <0.05 1:0.0003 >20000 40 875 0.2 <0.05 1:0.0002 >20000 40 875 0.4 <0.05 1:0.0005 >20000 40 875 0.5 <0.06 1:0.0006 >20000 40 875 0.6 <0.06 1:0.0007 >20000 40 875 0.8 <0.06 1:0.0009 >20000 40 875 1 <0.07 1:0.0011 >20000 40 875 2 <0.09 1:0.0023 >20000 40 875 0.2 <0.05 1:0.0002 >20000 40 875 0.3 <0.05 1:0.0003 >20000 40 875 0.4 <0.05 1:0.0005 >20000 40 875 0.5 <0.06 1:0.0006 >20000 40 875 0.6 <0.06 1:0.0007 >20000 40 875 0.8 <0.06 1:0.0009 >20000 40 875 1 <0.07 1:0.0011 >20000 40 875 2 <0.09 1:0.0023 >20000 40 875 3 <0.12 1:0.0034 >20000 40 875 4 <0.14 1:0.0046 >20000 40 875 5 <0.17 1:0.0057 >20000 40 875 6 <0.19 1:0.0069 >20000 40 875 8 <0.24 1:0.0091 >20000 40 875 10 <0.29 1:0.0114 >20000 40 875 20 <0.54 1:0.0229 >20000 40 437.5 0.4 <0.03 1:0.0009 >20000 40 437.5 0.5 <0.03 1:0.0011 >20000 40 437.5 0.6 <0.04 1:0.0014 >20000 40 437.5 0.8 <0.04 1:0.0018 >20000 40 437.5 0.4 <0.03 1:0.0009 >20000 40 437.5 1 <0.05 1:0.0023 >20000 40 437.5 2 <0.07 1:0.0046 >20000 40 437.5 3 <0.10 1:0.0069 >20000 40 437.5 4 <0.12 1:0.0091 >20000 40 437.5 5 <0.15 1:0.0114 >20000 40 437.5 6 <0.17 1:0.0137 >20000 40 437.5 8 <0.22 1:0.0183 >20000 40 437.5 10 <0.27 1:0.0229 >20000 40 437.5 20 <0.52 1:0.0457 >20000 40 218.75 0.6 <0.03 1:0.0027 >20000 40 218.75 0.8 <0.03 1:0.0037 >20000 40 218.75 1 <0.04 1:0.0046 >20000 40 218.75 2 <0.06 1:0.0091 >20000 40 218.75 3 <0.09 1:0.0137 >20000 40 218.75 4 <0.11 1:0.0183 >20000 40 218.75 5 <0.14 1:0.0229 >20000 40 218.75 6 <0.16 1:0.0274 >20000 40 218.75 8 <0.21 1:0.0366 >20000 40 218.75 10 <0.26 1:0.0457 >20000 40 218.75 20 <0.51 1:0.0914 >20000 40 20000 0.2 <1.01 1:0.0000

A: Surf. D B: DAZOMET Media: 1/10 TSB Inoculum size: 5.72E+05 PPM AI MIC Values (24 hrs) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) S. aureus >20000 200 10000 20 0.60 1:0.0020 ATCC# 6538 >20000 200 10000 30 0.65 1:0.0030 >20000 200 10000 40 0.70 1:0.0040 >20000 200 10000 50 0.75 1:0.0050 >20000 200 10000 60 0.80 1:0.0060 >20000 200 10000 80 0.90 1:0.0080 >20000 200 10000 100 1.00 1:0.0100 >20000 200 10000 20 0.60 1:0.0020 >20000 200 5000 4 0.27 1:0.0008 >20000 200 5000 5 0.28 1:0.0010 >20000 200 5000 6 0.28 1:0.0012 >20000 200 5000 8 0.29 1:0.0016 >20000 200 5000 10 0.30 1:0.0020 >20000 200 5000 20 0.35 1:0.0040 >20000 200 5000 30 0.40 1:0.0060 >20000 200 5000 8 0.29 1:0.0016 >20000 200 5000 10 0.30 1:0.0020 >20000 200 5000 20 0.35 1:0.0040 >20000 200 5000 30 0.40 1:0.0060 >20000 200 5000 40 0.45 1:0.0080 >20000 200 5000 50 0.50 1:0.0100 >20000 200 5000 60 0.55 1:0.0120 >20000 200 5000 80 0.65 1:0.0160 >20000 200 5000 100 0.75 1:0.0200 >20000 200 2500 20 0.23 1:0.0080 >20000 200 2500 30 0.28 1:0.0120 >20000 200 2500 40 0.33 1:0.0160 >20000 200 2500 50 0.38 1:0.0200 >20000 200 2500 60 0.43 1:0.0240 >20000 200 2500 80 0.53 1:0.0320 >20000 200 2500 100 0.63 1:0.0400 >20000 200 1750 0.2 0.09 1:0.0001 >20000 200 1750 0.3 0.09 1:0.0002 >20000 200 1750 0.4 0.09 1:0.0002 >20000 200 1750 0.5 0.09 1:0.0003 >20000 200 1750 0.6 0.09 1:0.0003 >20000 200 1750 0.8 0.09 1:0.0005 >20000 200 1750 1 0.09 1:0.0006 >20000 200 1750 2 0.10 1:0.0011 >20000 200 1750 3 0.10 1:0.0017 >20000 200 1750 4 0.11 1:0.0023 >20000 200 1750 5 0.11 1:0.0029 >20000 200 1750 6 0.12 1:0.0034 >20000 200 1750 8 0.13 1:0.0046 >20000 200 1750 10 0.14 1:0.0057 >20000 200 1750 20 0.19 1:0.0114 >20000 200 1750 40 0.29 1:0.0229 >20000 200 1750 60 0.39 1:0.0343 >20000 200 1750 80 0.49 1:0.0457 >20000 200 1750 100 0.59 1:0.0571 >20000 200 875 0.2 0.04 1:0.0002 >20000 200 875 0.3 0.05 1:0.0003 >20000 200 875 0.4 0.05 1:0.0005 >20000 200 875 0.5 0.05 1:0.0006 >20000 200 875 0.6 0.05 1:0.0007 >20000 200 875 0.8 0.05 1:0.0009 >20000 200 875 1 0.05 1:0.0011 >20000 200 875 2 0.05 1:0.0023 >20000 200 875 3 0.06 1:0.0034 >20000 200 875 4 0.06 1:0.0046 >20000 200 875 5 0.07 1:0.0057 >20000 200 875 6 0.07 1:0.0069 >20000 200 875 8 0.08 1:0.0091 >20000 200 875 10 0.09 1:0.0114 >20000 200 875 20 0.14 1:0.0229 >20000 200 875 30 0.19 1:0.0343 >20000 200 875 40 0.24 1:0.0457 >20000 200 875 50 0.29 1:0.0571 >20000 200 875 60 0.34 1:0.0686 >20000 200 875 80 0.44 1:0.0914 >20000 200 875 100 0.54 1:0.1143 >20000 200 437.5 30 0.17 1:0.0686 >20000 200 437.5 40 0.22 1:0.0914 >20000 200 437.5 50 0.27 1:0.1143 >20000 200 437.5 60 0.32 1:0.1371 >20000 200 437.5 80 0.42 1:0.1829 >20000 200 437.5 100 0.52 1:0.2286 >20000 200 218.75 50 0.26 1:0.2286 >20000 200 218.75 60 0.31 1:0.2743 >20000 200 218.75 80 0.41 1:0.3657 >20000 200 218.75 100 0.51 1:0.4571

A: Surf. A B: BIOBAN P-1487 Media: PDB Inoculum size: 1.156E+06 CFU/ml PPM AI MIC Values (3rd day) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) A. niger >20000 80 20000 5 <1.06 1:0.0003 ATCC#16404 >20000 80 10000 6 <0.58 1:0.0006 >20000 80 10000 10 <0.63 1:0.0010 >20000 80 10000 20 <0.75 1:0.0020 >20000 80 10000 40 <1.00 1:0.0040 >20000 80 5000 30 <0.63 1:0.0060 >20000 80 5000 40 <0.75 1:0.0080 >20000 80 5000 60 <1.00 1:0.0120 >20000 80 2500 30 <0.50 1:0.0120 >20000 80 2500 40 <0.63 1:0.0160 >20000 80 2500 60 <0.88 1:0.0240 >20000 80 1750 30 <0.46 1:0.0171 >20000 80 1750 40 <0.59 1:0.0229 >20000 80 1750 60 <0.84 1:0.0343 >20000 80 875 30 <0.42 1:0.0343 >20000 80 875 60 <0.79 1:0.0686 >20000 80 437.5 50 <0.65 1:0.1143 >20000 80 437.5 60 <0.77 1:0.1371 >20000 80 218.75 50 <0.64 1:0.2286 >20000 80 218.75 60 <0.76 1:0.2743

A: Surf. A B: BIOBAN P-1487 Media: PDB Inoculum size: 1.156E+06 CFU/ml PPM AI MIC Values (48 hrs) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) C. albicans >20000 30 20000 10 <1.33 1:0.0005 ATCC#10231 >20000 30 10000 10 <0.83 1:0.0010 >20000 30 2500 8 <0.39 1:0.0032 >20000 30 2500 10 <0.46 1:0.0040 >20000 30 2500 20 <0.79 1:0.0080 >20000 30 1750 10 <0.42 1:0.0057 >20000 30 1750 20 <0.75 1:0.0114 >20000 30 437.5 20 <0.69 1:0.0457 >20000 30 218.75 20 <0.68 1:0.0914

A: Surf. A B: BIOBAN P-1487 Media: 1/10TSB Inoculum size: 8.134E+07 CFU/ml PPM AI MIC Values (24 hrs) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) Ps. aeruginosa >20000 80 20000 60 <1.75 1:0.0030 ATCC#15442 >20000 80 5000 60 <1.00 1:0.0120 >20000 80 2500 40 <0.63 1:0.0160 >20000 80 2500 60 <0.88 1:0.0240 >20000 80 1750 50 <0.71 1:0.0286 >20000 80 1750 60 <0.84 1:0.0343 >20000 80 875 50 <0.67 1:0.0571 >20000 80 875 60 <0.79 1:0.0686 >20000 80 437.5 40 <0.52 1:0.0914 >20000 80 437.5 60 <0.77 1:0.1371 >20000 80 218.75 60 <0.76 1:0.2743 No Synergy: S. aureus

A: Surf. E B: BIOBAN P-1487 Media: PDB Inoculum size: 1.156E+06 CFU/ml PPM AI MIC Values (3rd day) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) A. niger >20000 60 20000 30 <1.50 1:0.0015 ATCC#16404 >20000 60 10000 30 <1.00 1:0.0030 >20000 60 5000 30 <0.75 1:0.0060 >20000 60 5000 40 <0.92 1:0.0080 >20000 60 5000 50 <1.08 1:0.0100 >20000 60 2500 30 <0.63 1:0.0120 >20000 60 2500 40 <0.79 1:0.0160 >20000 60 2500 50 <0.96 1:0.0200 >20000 60 1750 30 <0.59 1:0.0171 >20000 60 1750 40 <0.75 1:0.0229 >20000 60 1750 50 <0.92 1:0.0286 >20000 60 875 30 <0.54 1:0.0343 >20000 60 875 40 <0.71 1:0.0457 >20000 60 875 50 <0.88 1:0.0571 >20000 60 437.5 30 <0.52 1:0.0686 >20000 60 437.5 40 <0.69 1:0.0914 >20000 60 437.5 50 <0.86 1:0.1143 >20000 60 218.75 30 <0.51 1:0.1371 >20000 60 218.75 40 <0.68 1:0.1829 >20000 60 218.75 50 <0.84 1:0.2286

A: Surf. E B: BIOBAN P1487 Media: PDB Inoculum size: 1.808E+06 PPM AI MIC Values (48 hrs) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) C. albicans >20000 30 20000 0.04 <1.00 1:0.0000 ATCC#10203 >20000 30 10000 0.04 <0.50 1:0.0000 >20000 30 10000 0.4 <0.51 1:0.0000 >20000 30 10000 4 <0.63 1:0.0004 >20000 30 10000 10 <0.83 1:0.0010 >20000 30 10000 20 <1.17 1:0.0020 >20000 30 5000 4 <0.38 1:0.0008 >20000 30 5000 5 <0.42 1:0.0010 >20000 30 5000 10 <0.58 1:0.0020 >20000 30 5000 20 <0.92 1:0.0040 >20000 30 2500 4 <0.26 1:0.0016 >20000 30 2500 10 <0.46 1:0.0040 >20000 30 2500 20 <0.79 1:0.0080 >20000 30 1750 5 <0.25 1:0.0029 >20000 30 1750 10 <0.42 1:0.0057 >20000 30 1750 20 <0.75 1:0.0114 >20000 30 875 8 <0.31 1:0.0091 >20000 30 875 10 <0.38 1:0.0114 >20000 30 875 20 <0.71 1:0.0229 >20000 30 437.5 8 <0.29 1:0.0183 >20000 30 437.5 20 <0.69 1:0.0457 >20000 30 218.75 10 <0.34 1:0.0457 >20000 30 218.75 20 <0.68 1:0.0914

A: Surf. E B: BIOBAN P-1487 Media: 1/10TSB Inoculum size: 5.727E+07 CFU/ml PPM AI MIC Values (24 hrs) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) Ps. aeruginosa >20000 60 20000 50 <1.83 1:0.0025 ATCC#15442 >20000 60 10000 50 <1.33 1:0.0050 >20000 60 5000 50 <1.08 1:0.0100 >20000 60 2500 50 <0.96 1:0.0200 >20000 60 1750 50 <0.92 1:0.0286 >20000 60 875 50 <0.88 1:0.0571 >20000 60 437.5 50 <0.86 1:0.1143 >20000 60 218.75 50 <0.84 1:0.2286

A: Surf. E B: BIOBAN P-1487 Media: 1/10TSB Inoculum size: 1.808E+06 CFU/ml PPM AI MIC Values (24 hrs) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) S. aureus >20000 30 2500 20 <0.79 1:0.0080 ATCC# 6538 >20000 30 437.5 20 <0.69 1:0.0457

A: Surf. D B: BIOBAN P-1487 Media: PDB Inoculum size: 1.156E+06 PPM AI MIC Values (3rd day) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) A. niger >20000 6 20000 0.6 <1.10 1:0.0000 ATCC#16404 >20000 6 10000 3 <1.00 1:0.0003 >20000 6 5000 5 <1.08 1:0.0010 >20000 6 2500 3 <0.63 1:0.0012 >20000 6 1750 2 <0.42 1:0.0011 >20000 6 875 5 <0.88 1:0.0057 >20000 6 437.5 3 <0.52 1:0.0069 >20000 6 218.75 4 <0.68 1:0.0183

A: Surf. D B: BIOBAN P-1487 Media: PDB Inoculum size: 5.726E+05 CFU/ml PPM AI MIC Values (48 hrs) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) C. albicans >20000 30 20000 3 <1.10 1:0.0002 ATCC#10231 >20000 30 10000 2 <0.57 1:0.0002 >20000 30 10000 3 <0.60 1:0.0003 >20000 30 10000 10 <0.83 1:0.0010 >20000 30 10000 20 <1.17 1:0.0020 >20000 30 5000 5 <0.42 1:0.0010 >20000 30 5000 10 <0.58 1:0.0020 >20000 30 5000 20 <0.92 1:0.0040 >20000 30 2500 0.5 <0.14 1:0.0002 >20000 30 2500 10 <0.46 1:0.0040 >20000 30 2500 20 <0.79 1:0.0080 >20000 30 1750 4 <0.22 1:0.0023 >20000 30 1750 10 <0.42 1:0.0057 >20000 30 1750 20 <0.75 1:0.0114 >20000 30 875 20 <0.71 1:0.0229 >20000 30 437.5 5 <0.19 1:0.0114 >20000 30 437.5 10 <0.36 1:0.0229 >20000 30 437.5 20 <0.69 1:0.0457 >20000 30 218.75 8 <0.28 1:0.0366 >20000 30 218.75 10 <0.34 1:0.0457 >20000 30 218.75 20 <0.68 1:0.0914

A: Surf. D B: BIOBAN P-1487 Media: 1/10 TSB Inoculum size: 1.808E+05 PPM AI MIC Values (24 hrs) Test Alone Combination Ratio Organism CA CB Ca Cb S.I. (Ca:Cb) S. aureus >20000 30 20000 20 <1.67 1:0.0010 ATCC# 6538 >20000 30 10000 20 <1.17 1:0.0020 >20000 30 5000 20 <0.92 1:0.0040 >20000 30 2500 20 <0.79 1:0.0080 >20000 30 1750 20 <0.75 1:0.0114 >20000 30 218.75 20 <0.68 1:0.0914 No synergy: P. aeruginosa

The following biocides had no synergy against any organism tested when paired with the following surfactants:

Surf. A

Sodium Benzoate, TRIS NITRO

Surf. E

DMDMH

Surf. D

CS-1246, OPP, DMDMH

In the following combinations, the ratio of surfactant to biocide where synergy was observed were not commercially relevant, i.e., a ratio of 1:0.2 or greater (less biocide relative to surfactant). At these ratios, the biocide levels in a formulated product would be too low to be practical:

Surf. A

DIDAC, IPBC

Surf. E

CMIT/MIT, IPBC, OIT, TTPC, WSCP

Surf. D

CMIT/MIT, OIT, DIDAC

(MBIT, IPBC, WSCP were synergistic only at 1:0.05 or worse except for one data point) 

1. A synergistic microbicidal composition comprising: (a) a nonionic surfactant with structure: R¹O(CH₂CH(CH₃)O)₅(CH₂CH₂O)₉H where R¹ is a C₈ alkyl group; and (b) a mixture of 4-(2-nitrobutyl)morpholine and 4,4′-(2-ethyl-2-nitrotrimethylene)dimorpholine in a weight ratio of 81:5; wherein a weight ratio of said nonionic surfactant to said mixture is from 1:0.0006 to 1:0.2743.
 2. The synergistic microbicidal composition of claim 5 in which R¹ is 2-ethylhexyl. 